in which year the first education policy of state was drafted || list of educational policies in india

in which year the first education policy of state was drafted

The first education policy of the state was drafted in 1968. It was called the National Policy on Education (NPE) and was formulated by the Government of India under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The policy aimed to provide education for all and focused on promoting equality, social justice, and national integration. It laid the foundation for the modern education system in India and has been revised several times since its inception to keep up with changing times and requirements.

list of educational policies in india

Here is a list of some of the major educational policies in India:

I). National Policy on Education (1968)
II). Education Policy (1986)
III). Programme of Action (1992)
IV). National Curriculum Framework (NCF) (2005)
V). Right to Education Act (RTE) (2009)
VI). New Education Policy (NEP) (2020)

These policies and frameworks have played a significant role in shaping the education system in India and have focused on improving access, quality, and equity in education. They have also aimed to address the challenges and shortcomings in the education system and have laid the foundation for further reforms in the years to come.

I). National Policy on Education (1968)

The National Policy on Education (NPE) of 1968 was formulated by the Government of India under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. It aimed to provide education for all and focused on promoting equality, social justice, and national integration. Here are some of the key features of the policy:

1. Universalization of Education: The policy aimed to provide education to all children of the age group 6-14 years and ensure that all children have access to primary education by 1985.
2. Improvement of Quality of Education: The policy emphasized improving the quality of education by introducing modern and scientific methods of teaching, strengthening teacher training programs, and promoting research and development in the field of education.
3. Vocational Education: The policy recognized the importance of vocational education in meeting the growing demands of the economy and proposed the integration of vocational education at the secondary level.
4. Special Education: The policy recognized the need to provide special education to children with disabilities and proposed the establishment of special schools, teacher training programs, and other facilities for them.
5. National Integration: The policy aimed to promote national integration and communal harmony by introducing the study of Indian culture, history, and traditions in schools and colleges.

The National Policy on Education (1968) laid the foundation for the modern education system in India and has been revised several times since its inception to keep up with changing times and requirements.

II). Education Policy (1986)

The Education Policy of 1986 was a comprehensive framework for the development of education in India. Here are some of the key features of the policy:

1. Universalization of Education: The policy aimed to provide education to all children up to the age of 14 years and ensure that all children have access to quality education by 1995.
2. Improvement of Quality of Education: The policy emphasized improving the quality of education by introducing modern and scientific methods of teaching, strengthening teacher training programs, and promoting research and development in the field of education.
3. Vocational Education: The policy recognized the importance of vocational education in meeting the growing demands of the economy and proposed the integration of vocational education at the secondary level.
4. Women's Education: The policy recognized the need to promote the education of women and girls and proposed several measures to improve their access to education.
5. Education for Weaker Sections: The policy recognized the need to provide special provisions for the education of socially and economically weaker sections of the society and proposed several measures for their upliftment.
6. Technical and Higher Education: The policy recognized the need to promote technical and higher education and proposed the establishment of new institutions and the expansion of existing ones.

The Education Policy of 1986 has been revised several times since its inception to keep up with changing times and requirements.

III). Programme of Action (1992)

The Programme of Action (POA) 1992 was a document that outlined a roadmap for the implementation of the National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986. Here are some of the key features of the POA:

1. Universalization of Elementary Education: The POA aimed to provide elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years and proposed several measures for the expansion of primary education.
2. Improvement of Quality of Education: The POA emphasized the improvement of the quality of education by introducing modern and scientific methods of teaching, strengthening teacher training programs, and promoting research and development in the field of education.
3. Vocational Education: The POA recognized the importance of vocational education in meeting the growing demands of the economy and proposed the integration of vocational education at the secondary level.
4. Women's Education: The POA recognized the need to promote the education of women and girls and proposed several measures to improve their access to education.
5. Education for Weaker Sections: The POA recognized the need to provide special provisions for the education of socially and economically weaker sections of the society and proposed several measures for their upliftment.
6. Technical and Higher Education: The POA recognized the need to promote technical and higher education and proposed the establishment of new institutions and the expansion of existing ones.

The Programme of Action (POA) 1992 helped to bring about significant changes in the education system in India and laid the foundation for further reforms in the years to come. It also led to the revision of the National Policy on Education (NPE) to align with the recommendations of the POA.

IV). National Curriculum Framework (NCF) (2005)

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 was a document prepared by the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) that provided guidelines for the development of school curricula at the national and state levels. Here are some of the key features of the NCF:

1. Child-Centered Approach: The NCF emphasized a child-centered approach to education that focused on the overall development of the child and promoted active learning.
2. Integrated and Interdisciplinary Approach: The NCF proposed an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to learning that encouraged the integration of subjects and promoted the development of critical thinking skills.
3. Learning Outcomes: The NCF emphasized the need to define learning outcomes and assessment methods that were more meaningful and emphasized the development of higher-order thinking skills.
4. Teacher Professional Development: The NCF recognized the need for continuous teacher professional development and proposed several measures for the same.
5. Inclusion and Equity: The NCF recognized the need to provide equal educational opportunities to all students, irrespective of their social and economic backgrounds, and proposed several measures for the same.
6. Education for Sustainable Development: The NCF recognized the importance of education for sustainable development and proposed the integration of environmental education in the school curriculum.

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 was a significant milestone in the development of education in India and has been instrumental in shaping the school curricula in the country.

V). Right to Education Act (RTE) (2009)

The Right to Education Act (RTE) 2009 is a landmark legislation in India that ensures free and compulsory education for all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. Here are some of the key features of the RTE:

1. Free and Compulsory Education: The RTE ensures free and compulsory education to all children between the ages of 6 and 14 years and mandates that no child can be denied admission to a school on any grounds.
2. Neighborhood Schools: The RTE mandates that all schools should be located within a walking distance of one kilometer for children in the age group of 6-8 years and within a walking distance of three kilometers for children in the age group of 8-14 years.
3. Quality Education: The RTE mandates that all schools should provide quality education and comply with certain norms and standards prescribed by the government.
4. No Discrimination: The RTE prohibits discrimination against children on the basis of their gender, caste, religion, or economic status and ensures that all children are treated equally.
5. Teacher Qualifications: The RTE mandates that all teachers should have the required qualifications and undergo regular training to improve their skills.
6. Private Schools: The RTE mandates that all private schools should reserve 25% of their seats for children from economically and socially disadvantaged backgrounds and the government will reimburse the tuition fees to the schools.

The Right to Education Act (RTE) 2009 has been a significant step towards ensuring universal access to education in India and has helped in increasing enrollment and reducing drop-out rates in schools.

VI). New Education Policy (NEP) (2020)

The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a comprehensive policy document that aims to bring about transformative reforms in the education system in India. Here are some of the key features of the NEP:

1. Holistic and Multidisciplinary Education: The NEP emphasizes a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to education that focuses on the overall development of the student and promotes critical thinking skills.
2. Flexibility in Curriculum and Pedagogy: The NEP proposes a flexible curriculum and pedagogy that allows students to choose their own subjects and learn at their own pace.
3. Early Childhood Education: The NEP recognizes the importance of early childhood education and proposes the establishment of anganwadis and preschools in every village.
4. Vocational Education: The NEP recognizes the importance of vocational education in meeting the demands of the economy and proposes the integration of vocational education in secondary schools.
5. Teacher Education: The NEP proposes several measures for improving the quality of teacher education and promoting continuous professional development for teachers.
6. Use of Technology: The NEP recognizes the potential of technology in education and proposes the integration of technology in teaching and learning.
7. Multilingualism: The NEP recognizes the importance of multilingualism in promoting cultural diversity and proposes the use of mother tongue or regional language as the medium of instruction in schools.

The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 has been widely hailed as a landmark reform in the education system in India and is expected to bring about significant changes in the years to come.